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  4. Who vs. Whom
Commonly Confused Words

Who vs. Whom

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Let’s learn the difference between who and whom in a simple way.

Who

Who is the person doing the action (the subject of the sentence or question).

  • Who called you last night? (Someone did the calling.)
  • Who is at the door?
  • Do you know who won the game?

If you can replace it with he, she, or they, then who is correct.

  • Who called you? → He called me.

Whom

Whom is the person who receives the action (the object). It is more formal and much less common in everyday English.

  • Whom did you invite to the party? (You invited someone.)
  • She’s the person whom I met in New York.
  • The manager, with whom I spoke yesterday, was very helpful.

If you can replace it with him, her, or them, then whom is correct, especially in formal English.

  • Whom did you call? → You called him.

Right after a small word like to, with, for or of, always use whom.

  • ❌ To who should I write?
  • ✅ To whom should I write?

In everyday English, many people use who instead of whom, especially in questions like Who are you texting? They also move the small word to the end: Who should I write to?

💡 Tip

If you can answer with he, use who. If you can answer with him (both end in “m”), use whom. Right after to, with, for or of, always use whom.

Test your knowledge 📝

Question 1 sur 8Score: 0/8

___ is coming to the meeting today?

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