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  3. Tenses & Verb Forms
  4. Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
Tenses & Verb Forms

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple

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Both the present perfect and the past simple describe actions in the past, but they are used in different ways. The key difference is whether the past action is connected to the present or not.

Present Perfect (have/has + past participle)

Use the present perfect to talk about:

  • Experiences at an unknown or unfinished time in the past
  • Actions that have an effect on the present moment
  • Things that have happened recently
  • She has lived in Rome all her life. (and still does)
  • I have finished my homework. (so now I’m free)
  • They have just arrived. (a recent event)

Past Simple (verb + -ed or irregular form)

Use the past simple to talk about:

  • Completed actions at a specific time in the past
  • Finished events with no direct link to now
  • She lived in Rome in 2010. (specific time, no longer true)
  • I finished my homework last night.
  • They arrived at 3 PM.

💡 Astuce

If the “when” is important or known → use past simple. If it’s about the result or relevance now → use present perfect.

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